The Internet (inter + net) is a worldwide computer network that transmits a variety of data and media across interconnected devices such as laptops, tablets, and smart phones.  It works by using a set of standards called “Protocol” as communication language.  One of these standards is TCP/IP ^[1], the primary language.

The media used to transmit internet signal can be classified into two types ^[2]: Guided Media (aka “Wired Cable”) and Unguided Media (aka “Wireless Media).

-Wired Media: Internet signal is transmitted directly and limited in a narrow range using physical links that are visible and has ability to carry high speed signals.  It is safe and limited to certain distance.  The media are made of either metal or fiber, for example: twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.

-Wireless Media: Internet signal is sent without physical media but requires electromagnetic wave to carry the signal.

• WiFi is a popular technology that allows electronic devices to exchange data or connect to the internet wirelessly by using microwave radio frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, similar to the band used in the microwave oven. This range of frequencies is commonly found in microwave ovens.^[3] As per a standard, it is known as ISM band, based on the IEEE 802.11 ^[4] with an access point as a connecting tool.

Diagram: Illustration of Wireless Access Point

The use of Electromagnetic waves in Telecommunication ^[5]

Electromagnetic wave signals cover electrical, sound, radio waves, Infrared light, visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma rays.  They are arranged according to frequency of the waves as shown in Figure 4.2. The range of electromagnetic waves that can be used to transmit information consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared light and visible light.  Information can be transmitted using the frequency band of each wave by modulating its frequency, height, or phase of electromagnetic waves.  Although the use of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma to transmit information are a good option because they have high frequencies but they are usually not used.  Because it is difficult to create and modify these rays.  These rays cannot penetrate through buildings.  Moreover, they are harmful to living beings as well.

Figure 4.12 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Its Uses for Communication

The electromagnetic wave used for telecommunication can be divided into 8 phases where the government agencies will regulate and manage the band allocation.  The characteristics of some bands are shown in the table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Properties of Bands

[1] Bradley Mitchell. “Understanding Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”, Lifewire. 2 May 2019. 2 May 2019.

TCP comes from Transmission Control Protocol IP or commonly known as Internet Protocol TCP/IP which is a set of protocols that is used to communicate through internet network with the objective to allow the communication from the source to destination and find the route to send data automatically.

TCP and IP have different function as following:

TCP is responsible for separating the data into parts, known as Package and send out. The TCP at destination will collect each data together for further processing. During the data transmission, the data will be verified as well. If error occurs, TCP at the destination it will request TCP at the source TCP to resend the data.

IP is responsible for delivering data from the source device to the destination using the IP address.

[2] Muhammad Ali. “Type of Transmission Media”, SEOBoost 29 September 2018. 30 April 2019.

[3] Eric Escobar. How Does Wi-Fi Work? Scientific American. 15 July 2015.

[4] Mike Harwood. “Network+ Exam Cram: Wireless Networking” , Pearson IT Certification. 9 January 2009.

IEEE 802.11: There were actually two variations on the initial 802.11 wireless standard. Both offered 1 or 2 Mbps transmission speeds and the same RF of 2.4GHz. The difference between the two was in how data traveled through the RF media. One used FHSS, and the other used DSSS. The original 802.11 standards are far too slow for modern networking needs and are now no longer deployed.

[5] ITL Education Solutions Limited. Express Learning: Data Communications and Computer Networks. Chapter 4: Transmission Media. January 2012. Pearson India. 30 April 2019.

Digital data that are created in the memory space, RAM (Random Access Memory), of computers or smart devices can be maintained only when the RAM has power on.  If we turn off that device, there shall be no electricity to support the circuit; hence, digital data in RAM will also be lost.  Therefore, to allow us to keep the digital data for the next use, digital data need to be stored on the media that does not require electricity to support the circuit, thus the data will not be lost.

Currently, the popular storage media technologies include Hard Disk Drive (HDD), and Solid-State Drive (SSD) or Flash Memory.

HDD ​(Hard Disk Drive)

Inside of HDD consists of a magnetic disk called platter which divides into millions of small spaces to store data.  The data will be stored in the form of binary format which means that the smallest unit will have two states, represented by numbers 0 and 1 indicating the status of magnetic, i.e. magnetized (1) and demagnetized (0).  When we arrange these binary numbers into a set of 8 digits (bits), we will receive a 16-digit number, which is called the ASCII code which can represent Characters in different languages. ^{[1.1] [1.2]}

When data are recorded, a very small area will be induced by an electromagnetic field until it has magnetic characteristic.  Despite without electricity, the conditions of those areas are still magnetic.  While the device is powered on, the same or opposite process applies for reading or amending the data.

FLASH MEMORY ^{[2.1] [2.2]}

For smart devices, it is popular to use the type of memory called SSD (Solid-State Drive) or Flash memory or SD card.  They have similar principles to HDD by using the Semi-conductor or Transistor, instead of magnet.  When recording data, instead of using electromagnetic induction, it will use electricity directly to record data.  The process is like turning on and off the switch which has electricity as a controller.  The result is that the status of Gate will be “On” or “Off” rather than using 0 or 1 to encode.

From the picture, electricity will be connected to the Source but whether the current will run to Bit line or not is subject to the electricity controlling the word line whether is in open or closed state.

The operation of smartphone or computer requires to use RAM ^[1]

(Random Access Memory) which acts as a bridge between file system (data) and Central Processing Unit (CPU).  Important files needed for the Operating System (OS) will be stored in the RAM for ease of access.  These files include application files (programs used on a smartphone), game files, and operating system files.  The computer or smartphone will load necessary information into the RAM for use in various operations.

Below is a diagram displaying structure of a typical computer with a processor (CPU) and memory (RAM) working together.

Structure of CPU, Cache, and primary and backup memory  ^[2]

CPU and RAM will communicate with each other all the time using electricity supplied by batteries.  Therefore, the more the data are stored, the more time and more power the CPU needs to search for storage location (aka “addressing”).  This has caused the machine to run slowly.  Moreover, if there are malware or unnecessary applications running on the background mode, CPU will work more than necessary and generate more heat. ^[3]

How does the heat occur?

As the computer operation is performed in the form of 0 and 1 or the high and low voltage values, this means the electrical current will change alternately all the time. This process produces heat arising from duplication.  And when data are transmitted, in the processing, it means that there will be duplication of electrical signals for tremendous occurrences of millions and millions of times depending on the amount of data used.  This process also generates heat, including power supply (battery) that will have to work hard as well.

What happens if the stored data have not been used for long time?

When data files such as old images or video clips are deleted, there will be gaps of data in that storage location.  At a certain time, the processor will rearrange all data in a sequence of their position to reduce gaps on the hard disk.  This process is called “Defragmentation” ^[4]: to rearrange data so that they are kept continuously without gaps.  The benefit is that the reading speed will improve.  The defragmentation process also requires electricity.

Deleting data is, in fact, to remove pointers that indicate locations of the data.  The actual data remain inside the device until the locations of these data are overwritten by new data.  Programs to recover deleted files ^[1.1][1.2] mostly find positions of data that are still on the device and try recovering those data back.  It is, however, not 100% guarantee especially when users continue to use computer and overwrite old data needed for recovery.  On the other hand, a program citing that it could delete data permanently, also overwrites data until it is certain that the old data could not be restored.

As for SSD, data will be deleted immediately to make space for new data ^[2] but they could be restored by an application like smartphone with Android ^[3] mobile operating system.

It depends on the service provider’s policy specified in the Terms of use of their services.  For example, Google ^[1] still retain users’ data for a while (subject to type of data and terms of service).  Later, it will delete personal data such as name, address, email, telephone number, but the rest of data remain benefit to the service provider.

Internet Wave

1. The wave of internet such as WIFI or 4G/5G technology used by the telecom service providers is actually a magnetic wave. It has similar frequency as Microwave ^[1] used in the oven to cook food. The heat for cooking is generated by the friction or vibration among molecules of water in the food itself as well as in the surrounding air. ^[2] Likewise, when world population of 4.7 billion ^[3] people are transmitting data through the internet wave all the time, the water molecules in the air are getting hotter, then evaporated with emission of heat. Hence, the world is in extremely hot condition causing the icecaps to melt down as if it is being heated in the gigantic microwave oven.

Prior to internet era, the use of plastics by human has caused Green House effects due to the emission of carbon dioxide.  However, the world was not as hot as present.  It is so hot that the icecaps are melting.  Since the internet, social media, online-gaming’s, live-streaming’s, and so on become popular and widely used through smartphones or mobile devices, the Global Warming becomes worsen acceleratingly.

Digital Data

2. Digital data is created by modifying electric current into a series of “on” and “off” values or of 0’s and 1’s to represent something meaningful. This process transforms electricity to pictures or texts. ^[4] Digital Data are regarded as adulteration existing in the fine layer of energy. This process comprises of completed systems which needs large amount of electricity.  For example, a datacenter that hosts digital data needs electricity to be keep it cool, on top of its functions.

Plastics, however, are regarded as adulterated object existing in the rough layer of energy.  The world in which we are living is considered as matter and energy in a broader perspective.  If there are too many adulterated objects created in the world, we indeed hurt ourselves as if we cut our blood vessels.  The world’s core energies including earth (soil), water, wind, and fire have already been affected and become abnormal.  There is a huge accumulation of Digital Data like Tsunami of data from different applications such as Line, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Bigo Live,  Tik-tok, and so on that individual creates and never deletes.  It is estimated that data accumulated in tens or hundreds thousand units of each application per person.

Once digital data are created, they are kept or saved in two locations: datacenter, and user’s device.  The two copies are kept identical and synchronized through the internet wave (Microwave).

Part 1: Datacenter such as Facebook or Google.  Users can use them for free as they earn revenue from advertisement.  However, they need to maintain high availability of services to their users of about billion people globally.  Therefore, the amount of electricity required to keep their operation running is enormous.  This has resulted in Global Warming and Green House effect as fossil fuels are used as part of electricity generation.  According to a study ^[4.1], it is forecasted that one datacenter consumes as much electricity as a consumption of one city.

Part 2: User’s device.  We can feel the heat coming from the device after turning it on.  This is because the digital data has the same property as fuels by itself.  The CPU controls electrical circuits inside the device and change the electricity status of high or low in million times per second.  It is called Giga Byte ^[5] which generates heat in the electronic devices.

The heat emitted from both parts are caused by the world population of about 4.7 billion people, 24 hours.  The internet wave and heat are mainly accumulated under the world’s atmosphere.  They can be emitted out to the space but very little.  Scientists call this accumulation as “Absorption”. ^[6]   The heat cannot escape to the space as the Green House effect acts as the world’s roof keeping the heat inside the atmosphere.

The cause of rapid global warming can be divided into 3 parts:

1. Accelerator to heatwave

-Interaction between Microwave and water vapor caused by data transmission among cell phones, base stations and telecom networks, is similar to the interaction in the microwave oven for cooking food.

-The heat inside the base station is generated in the same way as communication devices or cell phones, but in a higher scale.  For example, the heat generated from the cell phone is 1 milliwatts while from the base station is 100-200 watts.  It is 100,000 times. ^[7]

1. Accelerator to change of energy field

-Huge amount of microwave in the atmosphere has created great disruption to natural magnetic field. ^[8]

III. Growing demand for datacenter

-The datacenter needs huge amount of electricity to supply to electronic devices of systems in the datacenter itself.  For example, a US datacenter consumes 73,000 million Kilowatts of electricity. ^[9] These energies are not lost but turn into heat emitting from devices.

3.The internet wave transmitted in the atmosphere contains characteristics of the magnetic wave.  It absorbs and combines all the delicate energy of any elements in the air to the network.  It is called World Wide Web (WWW) which is so powerful that it could obstruct the wind current. The obstruction by the magnetic field then causes the wind to blow unnaturally.  Normally, the wind blows on the earth’s surface because of the difference in temperature and air density between two places. However, this magnetic field created by human invention disrupts its natural phenomenon.  This has led to a higher temperature and abnormal air ventilation causing the wind not to blow normally. The heat bringing about drought as water evaporates also causes fine dust, or PM 2.5, to be motionless.  Together with the lack of wind, such fine dust is stuck in the same place, not blowing away.

No matter how many campaigns, namely reducing plastic consumption or using green energy, there is no significant slowdown of the global warming. If we do not reduce the use of internet or delete useless digital data, these problems would not be solved. Those existing campaigns should be continued; however, they won’t be fast and effective enough to decelerate or stop the global warming. This is because the energy level today has changed significantly from the past.

Digital data traffic takes place in combination between wire and wireless networks.  It depends on conditions in each area.  It also depends on completeness of internet infrastructure enabling data transmission from the source to destination.  For example, an internet user places an order online from www.Amazon.com with the Internet named “0tmedki”.

• The user uses a notebook connecting to home’s WiFi in Bangkok to order online goods from www.Amazon.com.  However, the final target server is located in Kuala Lumpur, a capital of Malaysia.
• Data travel from the notebook through home’s WiFi, then go through Fiber Optic to the service provider’s base stations which have been set in advance.  Later, data go to the Country Gate way and then go abroad.  Within the country’s network, some data might be sent through wireless such as 3G/4G/5G step by step before reaching the Country Gate way.
• Since routings to domain amazon.com are preset, Data need to go through Regional Gateway in Singapore, after leaving the Country Gateway.  They will move along the way to wireless devices of amazon in Seattle, Washington, USA.  This will act as a gateway of amazon.com which determines the last destination of server.  Data traffics occur mostly in Fiber optic laid under the sea across countries or continents. Thus, we can conclude traffic of data as below.

Heat #1

1^st part of the heat comes from all devices along the routes of data transmission.  It is unlikely that we know about the exact number of devices working behind the scene from the beginning to the end of online transaction.  However, it is anticipated that enormous amount of heat is created from base stations and data centers because of their big scales.  For example, datacenter in the US uses electricity more than 90 billion Kilowatts Hour per year.  It is equivalent to 34 huge coal power plants (500 Megawatts). Thus, datacenter uses electricity about 416 terawatts (4.16 x 10¹⁴ watts) or 3% of all electricity generated in 2018. ^[1]

Heat #2

2^nd part of the heat comes from sending data through wireless such as cell phone, Wi-Fi, Base station in 3G/4G/5G and satellite.  The distributions of signals rely on Microwave ^[2] spreading in 360 degrees.  Mobile networks are active all the time to transmit signals of cell phone, but the cell phone can receive only some part of signals.  Hence, surplus signals are spread in the atmosphere and disrupt the magnetic field of the Earth.  Service providers are committed to provide 24-hour service to their users.  People have been using Wi-Fi, 3G/4G/5G cell phone for more than 20 years.  Given that Microwave is used to cook food, we can summarize briefly with scientist word as below.

Microwave does not create heat itself, heat in materials is created from absorption of Microwave and turn to heat energy.^[3] Polar molecules in food are water having interaction with Microwave.  When water is in electric field of Microwave, water will set in the same way of electric field of Microwave.  It is similar to seeing dust setting in the magnetic field.  However, there are multiple times of change in directions of electric field of Microwave per second (Called GHz).  The molecules of water restricted in a small place start to rotate in one direction, while electric field changes polar molecules of water in other different direction with high frequency. Thus, high Kinetic energy is created from these rotations and change energy in to heat, finally.

Microwave and Global Warming

Since Microwave is increasingly and widely used especially in era of digital data, Microwave is spread enormously in every square meter of the Earth.  As the layers of earth’s atmosphere are with steam and Microwave, the water vapor in the air absorbs energy from polar change in millions of times per minute to heat.  This process has been taking place since the Microwave is used in the telecommunication.

Moreover, there are Carbon Dioxide covering the earth’s atmosphere densely as if the earth is put in that big oven.  Although the energy of Microwave in the atmosphere does not cause high temperature when compared (density of wave per square meter) to that of Microwave oven, the point is that Microwave found in everywhere is creating “global warming every single molecule in the atmosphere”.  It is like keeping the cooked food warm in the oven all the time (warm mode).  The reason is Microwave is sent from base station round the clock (24 Hours) due to the command of our cell phones.

Anything with mass has energy. Energy can be changed into matter and matter can be transformed into energy. In other words, energy and mass are interchangeable.

Albert Einstein described this natural principle in the well-known equation E = mc² (E is energy, m is the mass of matter and c is the speed of light). This is because energy moves at speeds equal to the speed of light at 300,000 kilometers per second. Moreover, this equation shows that there is a tremendous amount of energy in matter. Even though the substance has a very small mass. For example, if water with a mass of 1 gram is converted into total pure energy; energy will be equivalent to a 20,000 ton ^[1] of TNT bomb.

As we have learned since we were young that our world consists of 3 parts of water and 1 part of soil. In Dhamma language, water and soil are the so-called ‘elements’, which are basic units that comprise other things, such as the human body. Water ‘Element’ such as blood, lymph, saliva, gastric juice, etc. And ‘element’ of soil such as meat, bones, fascia, liver, kidneys, heart, etc.

According to the prevalent scientific principles, this term ‘elements’ is very broad. It is everything in the world that has mass. According to science, the substance can be classified in many ways such as by material characteristics which are pure substances, compounds and mixtures (mixtures are further classified as solutions, suspensions, and colloids) or separated by substance status which is divided into solids, liquids and gases. ^[2] The term element in scientific word means a pure substance consisting of only one atom, such as carbon (C) or oxygen (O₂). But carbon dioxide (CO₂) is not considered as an element, because it consists of 2 types of atoms, carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is classified as a compound. From the earlier study, the smallest matter is believed to be proton – a part of the element. But now it is found that within the proton it consists of quark. Quark is the smallest substance and the purest than the element. ^[3]

Therefore, according to the theory E = mc², matter is energy, because it changes back and forth. (Quark ^[4]) or when the pure elements are converted into energy, it can be considered as pure energy. If the impure substances, such as Carbon dioxide (CO₂), and mud, are converted into energy, they can be considered as coarser energy.

[1] What does Einstein’s famous equation really mean? By Robert Lamb

Digital data is caused by modifying the electric current value to be encoded 0 and 1 or high and low to represent the image or letters^[1], which is considered a foreign substance in the fine energy flows. In this case, foreign means the actual thing is much more complex than what we see.

The picture shows the shape of digital data from the signal meter which is 0 and 1.

From the picture, we can only see that there are two levels of signals: high (102.926 mV) and low (-100 mV). Both of these signals, if we use complex electrical instruments such as an oscilloscope (oscilloscope), we can see that these signals are caused by the integration of many small signals that in engineering term it is called Fourier series.^[2] So, encoding 0 and 1 requires complex electronic devices to generate these signals, in which the process requires using various modules such as Central Processing Unit (CPU), RAM ^[3] (Random access memory) to work together using electricity as the initial energy.

Digital data therefore has its characteristics as fuel. Because the central processing unit (CPU) forces internal electronic circuits to change the electrical state from high to low a million times, which we call Giga Byte ^[4] that makes that the machine warms up.

Electrical Power

Electric power is the result of conduction of electricity produced from various forms to work with devices or circuits that have been designed. The power used for a certain period of time is measured in watts-hours (Wh) or units (W).

Electric current is the movement of free electrons from one atom to another.

The amount of flow depends on the resistance of the circuit (I), which is measured in amperes (A).

Electricity can therefore be considered as fine detailed energy, because the movement of free electrons from one atom to another is invisible to the naked eye. Excessive use of electricity can cause the heat which means that we use these free electrons too much. As each movement requires energy, friction and energy transfer all the time.

The picture shows the movement of free electrons ^[5]

The heat generated by using a smartphone and / or the internet is explained in detail in Question 6. At the same time, based on the information about energy in physics in item 8, the phrase “According to E = mc² theory, matter is energy because it can change back and forth.” This tells us that all electrical energy used in the internet data transfer process will be changed to other forms of energy. For communication, there is only one option to be converted which is heat energy. Why? If we look at other things, such as cars, we can see that when the fuel is added to the engine, the engine will change the oil to heat and heat will expand the air in the cylinder into kinetic energy to drive a car. However, using the internet causes very little conversion into kinetic energy such as phone vibrating. Mainly, its use comes from bringing power to the screen processor and the microwave transmission module. And this transformation of energy occurs everywhere, whether it’s at a base station or a datacenter.

If we look at the energy usage at the data center, “Data centers in the United States use electricity more than 90 billion Kilowatt hours per year which equals to the demand for 34 giant coal power plants (500 megawatts). The data center uses approximately 416 terawatts (4.16 x 10 ¹⁴ watts) or about 3% of total electricity production Last year. ^[1] ” This sentence clearly tells us that these energies are not going anywhere. If we compared the energy used with familiar things in home, such as iron that uses electricity approximately 1,000 watts per machine. It means to use 416,000,000 irons (four hundred and sixteen billion watts). And this energy is converted into heat energy and absorbed by the atmosphere of our planet. Apart from that there is still the energy of microwaves transmitted into the air from transmission stations around the world. These energies are not lost but they are absorbed^[2] and processed as heat energy in the atmosphere at all times. “This is very scary!”

Carbon Dioxide Generation

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the use of the Internet is due to the need to use enormous amount of electrical power in various related equipment as described in Article 7, “Digital Data Routes When Delivered Online”. This electricity generation process produces CO₂ gas in enormous amount as well.

For a clearer picture, to produce 1 MW of electricity from fossil-fuel fuels such as oil in the production process, it will release 280 tons of CO₂ (fuel oil releases 0.28 kg CO₂ / kwHr). For example, if the data center electricity usage in the United States is 416 terawatts (4.16 x 10¹⁴ watts), it will produce CO₂ gas equal to 116.48 million tons, which is the amount of CO₂ gas that results in “Greenhouse gases” that will be explained further.

Greenhouse Gas Generation

Before explaining the process of greenhouse gas generation, let’s lay the foundation to understand carbon dioxide behavior first. Irish physicist John Tyndall, in that period, conducted numerous experiments to study infrared radiation. He was the first to discover that infrared light is different from the Earth’s atmosphere compared to other rays. And the difference under this radiation is Carbon dioxide. He conducted further experiments to find the cause and found that the carbon dioxide molecules can absorb infrared rays well and up to 10,000 times better than oxygen and nitrogen molecules and found that water molecules in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation the best.

Even though the amount of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere are more than carbon dioxide and water. So why does carbon dioxide behave differently from oxygen and nitrogen that has more amounts in the atmosphere? The answer lies in the characteristics and properties of molecules of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide consists of 3 atoms: carbon (Represented in the image with a gray sphere) and 2 oxygen atoms. (Represented in the picture by two red spheres). The carbon dioxide molecule has no charge. When carbon dioxide molecules can absorb infrared rays well, the absorbed heat radiation will lose the balance of the molecules and cause the structure to bend. When the molecules are curled or stretched out asymmetrically, the net result is positive and negative dipoles which create an electric field around each molecule and causes the arrangement or coiling up in the atmosphere resulting in “greenhouse gas”

The picture shows the effect of the carbon dioxide molecules having this electrode that creates an electric field around each molecule.

Although carbon dioxide molecules are only as small as 0.0000000232 centimeters, the electric field is much larger than the charges, allowing the carbon dioxide molecules to connect

“The red ball represents the hot temperature. Pink represents warm temperatures. Blue represents cool temperatures. And the light blue represents the cooler temperatures. The spheres in the picture do not represent carbon dioxide molecules, because its molecules are very small. But it represents the extent of the electrical influence caused by its molecules having electrical properties. “

The positive and negative polarity of carbon dioxide, caused by the atoms in the molecules moving from heat, caused the molecules to be asymmetric. This scope covers much larger volume than the actual size of carbon dioxide molecules. Firstly, the density of the sphere corresponds to the density of the carbon dioxide molecules. It can be seen that infrared rays or heat waves are blocked at the bottom and the exposed part is the red sphere that produces the highest heat.

The density of this spherical ball will gradually decrease from the bottom of the earth surface to a higher atmosphere. It will be less and less depending on the density of carbon dioxide. Secondly, hot air is on the ground floor, while the cool air will rise above. Here we are talking about “The seam of hot air on earth that is encased by greenhouse gases and the cold air is a continuation of the cold outer space. ”

When heat cannot escape the surface of the earth, but the world still receives heat from the sun regularly.

Like a house that was exposed to intense heat during the daytime, and the house owner also installed the internal heating (From the datacenter), plus the wall and roof are covering the house to keep heat. The house will be sweltering.

The Amount of Carbon Released from the Internet

There are attempts to track the estimated carbon footprint from the internet (Carbon footprint). The most obvious evaluated source is the datacenter in different parts of the world, which is a building that is filled with servers. These servers contain information from web pages, databases, online applications and files causing the datacenter to provide electrical power to sustain the device and more importantly causing it to use electricity to cool many servers in the building to that it does not get too hot.^[5]

According to a report by Gartner, the data center consumes 25% of the energy used by the IT industry. Carbon in the same proportion is 25% of the carbon produced by the IT industry, which is a total of 0.5% of CO₂ produced into the world.^[6]

In 2016, the Berkeley laboratory report reported to the US government that the data center in the United States, which has approximately 350 million terabytes in 2015, should use about 100 TWh (trillion watt-hours) per year by 2020, which is equal to 10 large nuclear power plants.^[7] The number of data centers is rapidly increasing in Europe and Asia. London, Frankfurt, Paris and Amsterdam altogether consume approximately 200 MW in 2017, or equal to 1 small nuclear power plant.^[8]

Researchers from the University of Ireland said that the amount of data that is maintained by the data center increases at an unprecedented rate. And this is a very important part the IT industry growth. Ireland and Denmark are becoming the world’s largest IT company database. Data Centers in Ireland use 350 MW of electricity but are expected to increase by 3 times to 1,000 MW which is equal to one nuclear power plant within the next 5 years.^[9] In 2015, the whole data center of the world uses electrical power 416.2-Watt hour which is more than the amount of electricity that the UK uses across the country.^[10]

Most of the amount of electricity that the data center needs is for the cooling system to keep the temperature in the data center cool. The heat from various server operations does not accumulate until the equipment is damaged. One method of solution is the establishment of a data server in a city with very cold weather. This will help reduce the amount of electrical energy needed to maintain the building’s coolness. And the city that has clean energy that does not require burning of fossils.^[11]

Sweden is a suitable country because it is in a cold climate and still has clean energy sources ready. This is one of the reasons Facebook has set up a data center in the northern part of the country in Lulea, around 70 miles from the 84-acre Arctic Circle that holds tens of thousands of servers. But it still needs 500 giant industrial fans to help maintain the temperature.^[12]

Google and Facebook are accused of producing 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions which is approximately equal to the airplane industry. Google alone produced 1,766,014 tons CO 2 (CO 2 equivalent) in 2013 and most of this volume comes from data centers.^[13]

Why do we need to control the growth of internet?

The second most important factor behind digital data that raises the electric energy usage in IT industry is increasing bit rate of content of digital data on the internet. Originally, internet transmitted and received data in the form of words. Later on, the importance of photos, music and video has been increasing continuously. Downloading one page of words uses very less energy. For example, 100 articles accounts for only 9 MB of digital data, but just one high resolution photo uses as much as 3 MB or normal 8-minute YouTube video uses at least 30 MB, three times higher than data required for storing 100 articles. This means that the electric energy used is also three times higher.^[14]

With energy required for every bits of increasing digital data, the use of online internet is therefore important, especially the use of internet with high bit rate such as video. In 2012 traffic videos accounted for 57% of the total internet usage. This value increased to 69% in 2017.^[15]

The severe effect is the amount of carbon dioxide gas that will increase dramatically into the atmosphere. This is the source for a powerful electromagnetic field, which acts as a barrier to prevent transmission of microwave and infrared radiation through the outer part of the earth. With the enormous increase of the radiation together with a thick barrier of carbon dioxide, so how can we survive in the future?

Although microwave is radiated like a cone shape into a wide area, this wave reaches everything on earth not only just the antennas. This is because since 1950, thousands of satellites have been sent into the space and traveling around the earth with “Polar” and Geo Stationary” orbits. One satellite covers the area equal to North America. Therefore, the overlapping of many satellites’ orbits causes the overlapping of radiated waves from the satellites in specific areas. This means that the radiation or microwave, which is the wave used for communication and generated by the satellites, is also increased (Reference: Danish Solar Energy Int.). As a result, global warming and climate change will be more severe due to the communication on earth that requires satellites and increasing microwave radiation.^[16]

An abnormal wave pattern was detected via microwave imagery taken over the New York area on April 21, 2016, that appears to show Geoengineering (weather manipulation) in action.

(https://newspunch.com/proof-of-geoengineering-discovered-in-new-york-via-new-images/)

Microwave Radio Frequencies dominate the Earth with millions of subscribers. (http://globalmicrowave.org/)

The ratio of carbon dioxide emission between cars and smart phones.

On the average, internet usage per person per year requires about 365 kWh^[1] of electricity and 2,900 L of water, which is equivalent to carbon dioxide emission from traveling by a car for 1,400 km.^[2]

Googling for less than one section emits 0.2 g of carbon dioxide (estimated by Google). It is believed from the reference source that googling each time per person emits 7 g of carbon dioxide (boiling water each time emits about 7 g of carbon dioxide^[3]). Whereas, traveling by a car for 1 km emits 193 g of carbon dioxide.

[3] ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INTERNET SEARCHES AND DATA CENTERS Published on July 10, 2017 Pranav Prakash

“Contaminants” are things, matters or energy that occur or are produced in a closed system and result in the abnormality of the system. For example, our body is considered as an opened system, but if a stone is found in an internal organ such as gallbladder and surgery or other methods are required to remove the stone, this stone is the contaminant of the body.

Likewise, the Earth is a very big closed system that is covered by the atmosphere and Earth’s magnetic field. Originally, there were no internet signal and digital data on our Earth. But, now the growth of internet and digital data usage has increased exponentially. So, isn’t it possible that those innovations are causing the abnormality to the atmosphere and Earth’s magnetic field?

Why plastics are contaminants? Plastics are organic compounds that are synthesized to be used instead of some natural materials. They solidify when they are cold and liquify when they are hot. Some plastic types are permanent solids such as Nylon and synthetic rubber. They are used to make clothes, films, vessels and vehicle materials. Plastics are classified into two types, which are thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

When plastics are burned, they will produce greenhouse gas that causes air pollution. These impurities are contaminants that cannot be completely degraded. They will be degraded into microplastics that cause water pollution and the death of aquatic microorganisms. This means that plastics are contaminants because the remaining parts are not from the nature, but will conversely destroy the nature.

The contaminant called “Digital data”

Why do we call digital data a contaminant? Because if we consider the process to generate digital data, it requires four times data encryption, and encoding process is also needed for each time of digital data usage. The summarized explanation is as follows.

First time Data Encryption

Before the invention of digital data, we were familiar with the communication using letters. But when we want to use digital data, we have only two options, 0 and 1 or high and low, which are used to convey the meaning of every letters and numbers. This is done with data encryption called ASCII code.^[1]

Second time Data Encryption

To display any letters or pictures on the computer’s or smartphone’s screen, there must be the standard to register the code on the screen for users to see. That is why every screen must have pixels to show any letters or pictures from keyboard or mouse input. For this, position designation must also been done known as horizontal axis or rows and vertical axis or columns.^[2]

Third time Data Encryption

For the next step, the processing system will store this data into the system memory after the user instruction. All of the data will be gather together before sending off in the next step. This processed data in this step will be completely different from input data.

Fourth time Data Encryption

The data will then be sent out to the atmosphere to store at data center. Data encryption is required to do this before data can be transferred with microwave. In communication engineering, this process is called Modulation.^[3] For 3G, 4G or 5G internet usage, QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation is used. For this data encryption, microwave will change its pole or face all the time for million times per second to respond to giga byte speed of data. This is the reason why we need to use gigahertz (GHz) frequency, which is the frequency in the range of million times per second.

[3] ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INTERNET SEARCHES AND DATA CENTERS Published on July 10, 2017 Pranav Prakash

What is energy field?

Energy field is the accumulation of a certain form of energy. Energy is one of the most important things in this world. It is beneficial for all living beings. The most common energy source that we all know is the sun. It is the biggest heat energy source on the Earth. The heat radiation from the sun to the Earth is absorbed by land, water, cloud and atmosphere. The degree of absorption depends on different absorption capacity of that material. For example, land can absorb and release heat faster than water. This heat absorption and release is the factor for the cycling of the atmosphere, resulting in different natural phenomena such as land breeze, sea breeze, storm and water cycle. In addition, sunlight is also used for plant photosynthesis. So, we can say that sunlight is the most important energy.

However, the true meaning of energy is “The ability within an object that can perform work. In physics, energy is a quantitative property that can explain the physical state or other different states of an object. Energy can be in many forms. ”Different energy forms have different measurement methods. In general, energy can be classified as follows.

1. Chemical energy is the energy within chemical or different harmful materials that release energy when chemical reactions happen, for instance coal and wood burning, chemical energy in a battery and food digestion.
2. Heat energy is the energy occurred due to activated force, causing movement of the molecules such as vibration of water molecules to produce heat.
3. Potential energy is the energy related to a position, weight and gravity
4. Kinetic energy is the energy occurred when an object moves, for example running and engine combustion.
5. Electric energy is the most used energy at present. It is the energy that can be converted to different types of energy such as wind and heat energy.
6. Electromagnetic energy is the energy occurred from radiation such as from using a microwave.
7. Nuclear energy is the energy occurred from a reaction that is often used specifically to produce electricity or in a scientific society, but not for normal use in daily life.

The most related energy contributed to global warming are electric and electromagnetic energy.

Electric and magnetic Field (EMF)^[2]

Electromagnetic is used with imaginary line to demonstrate the boundary and density field between objects’ voltage with electric potential difference or electric pressure (called electric field) and objects’ surrounding with electric current flow (called magnetic field). In this case, as it refers both electric field and magnetic field, it altogether called electromagnetic field or electromagnetic wave. Electric field and magnetic field can be occurred under two circumstances:

1. Natural causes – such as earth’s magnetic field, solar radiation, lighting wave, gamma wave.

• A static electric field or DC field (direct current field) is a constant field that does not change over time such as electric field between clouds and earth surface, magnetic field from electro permanent magnetic, or earth’s magnetic field.
• Earth’s magnetic field and lighting phenomenon from electric field.

2. Human causes – can be divided into two kinds.

• Deliberation – It is deliberately created with purpose in getting direct beneficial from electromagnetic wave such as signal that can be sent afar in telecommunication system, for instance, radar signal, telephone wave, television wave, and radio wave, by using microwave or microwave heating.
• Unintentional – it is electromagnetic field caused from power transmission line or electrical equipment with no purpose of getting direct benefit from electromagnetic such as power distribution system (power transmission line). This electromagnetic is a dynamic field or AC field, for instance, electromagnetic field caused from power distribution system from alternating current electricity (50HZ).

To pinpoint energy level of electromagnetic, it can be measured from electromagnetic energy or Photon energy. Electromagnetic spectrum will indicate energy level such as high frequency of electromagnetic wave will have high energy level, as if low frequency of electromagnetic will have low energy level.

Electromagnetic spectrum can be ranked from high to low frequency: cosmic ray, gamma ray, x-ray, sun ray, heat wave, microwave, radio wave, and electrical current from magnetic field as shown in the picture below

Picture from www.tecnoao-asia.com

Though, magnetic field that caused from electrical current is a part of electromagnetic spectrum but there is much different when comparing to gamma ray. As gamma ray’s spectrum resided within electromagnetic radiation where ionization radiation can occur and it can destroy molecular bond which means gamma ray and electromagnetic radiation in form of ionization radiation are able to destroy parts of DNA, and receiving such rays can cause cancer.

Next low electromagnetic spectrum, energy level of electromagnetic wave will also be low, it can be seen as microwave that doesn’t has enough energy to destroy molecular bond. However, to receive microwave radiation directly can cause the heat at the same level that use to cook food by using microwave.

Magnetic field caused from electric current has low electromagnetic spectrum. Magnetic fields from electric appliances and power transmission line have very low electromagnetic wave that is not enough to destroy molecular bond. Nonetheless, our cells body can be response to low electromagnetic field. In case of higher level of electromagnetic field, this responsiveness will react indirectly (biological effect). However, there is not clear evidence demonstrate that this indirect reaction caused health problem.

Troposphere effect from Magnetic Field

Troposphere is the lowest layer of the earth’s atmosphere. Most of the mass (about 75-80%) of the atmosphere is in Troposphere. Within Troposphere, it consists of clouds and all kind of climates happened in this layer. It is the most moisture layer whereas other layer contains little.

At the bottom of Troposphere is the earth’s surface as far as 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level. The highest height of Troposphere varies on latitude (the lowest at the pole and highest at the equator) and by season (low in winter and high in summer). It can be as high as 20km (12 miles or 65,000 feet) near equator and as low as 7km (4 miles or 23,000 feet) over the pole in winter.

Everything happen on the earth’s surface to earth’s atmosphere, all human being get direct effect.

Picture and data from : https://scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/troposphere-overview

In this digital era, any electronic devices will create electromagnetic environment (EM), as once these devices switch on, the electron will circulate for them to work. Also, natural phenomenon such as lighting can happen at the same place and with many other reasons, electrostatic discharge may occur even though the device or system is not in working mode. When engineers had notice of this effect at an early stage of radio wave, and called this phenomenon – RFI, Radio Frequency Interference. But nowadays, it has to be called EMI, Electromagnetic Interference. This had reflected the truth that electric system and electronic are causing interferences at any frequency between 0HZ and GHZ (microwave).^[3]

The phenomenon and technology advancement overspread the pollution of electromagnetic energy into the environment and earth’s atmosphere. This electromagnetic energy slipped-off deliberately and unintentionally. When energy level is concentrated enough, it will have some effect and disrupt the function of electrical devices and electronic devices.

The widespread of this effect called EMI. The deliberated source is from all kind of devices from radio station, telecommunication, radars, and navigation devices. The unintentional source such as electronic from car ignition system, industrial control system, and electronic appliances. Picture no. 1 is demonstrating general sources of EMI noises in the atmosphere. Electromagnetic environment is linked with the complication of EMI’s phenomenon in three ways as explained below:

• Low frequency phenomenon (conductivity and radiation except electrostatic discharge)
• High frequency phenomenon (conductivity and radiation except electrostatic discharge)
• Electrostatic phenomenon (conductivity and radiation) ^{[4.1] [4.2]}

From the effect of EMI signal that can interfere communication devices, there is other perspective from energy theory said “matter and energy are never lost” as come from theory of “Conservation of Energy” stated that “energy of an isolated system always remain constant regardless of all possible changes within the system. It involves symmetrically with the change of time.”^[5] It means, time conserved energy and transformed or transferred from one to another and it cannot be destroy, the quantity amount will be the same at the end.

Picture from : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-electromagnetic-environment-4_fig1_326010927

So from above definition, we can say that amount of electromagnetic wave used in communication or internet usage from all people around the world still exist within our atmosphere. Only some deliberately escaped to outer space, for instance, satellite communication and communication between space shutters outside our planet earth. The result from academic research – “Absorption”, mass energy from electromagnetic wave will transform to heating energy, eventually.

KBO Earth tries to extend these researches or ask for cooperation from well-known research centers to bring about resolute and concrete solutions.

Of all theoretical data from 1-13 lead to confidence and awareness that utilizing Digital Data with mindfulness and using it when necessary, can help reduce global warming. What we can do immediately is deleting digital data since the working mechanism of the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access Memory (RAM) and data storage in the name of Cloud (Cloud computing) create unnecessarily work on devices including all parts of electronics. Altogether, it decreases the speed of the working process and contrastingly the device needs more time to work and consumes more electricity, and increases data transmission into the air in the form of microwave.

Finally, we would like to quote an article online from www.sciencedirect.com – titled: “Digitalization, energy and data demand: The impact of Internet traffic on overall and peak electricity consumption”^[1] as seen below:

“Over the last decade, concerns have been raised about increases in the electricity used by information technologies, other consumer electronic devices, data centers, and to a much lesser degree, Internet distribution networks. At the same time, ‘smart’ innovations are widely anticipated to help reduce energy demand across diverse sectors of society. Yet such potential savings, as well as the increasing use of other digital services are predicated upon continued expansion of digital infrastructures.”

This article focuses on the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic, a trend with significant implications for energy demand. It outlines an agenda to better understand how data demand is changing. Drawing from the findings from our own research in combination with secondary data analysis, we examine the alignment of peak demand for electricity and data. The peak of the data appears to fall later in the evening reflecting the use of online entertainment, but this is far from the fix. Overall, the article argues that “a better understanding of how everyday practices are shifting in concert with the provision and design of online services could provide a basis for the policies and initiatives needed to mitigate the most problematic projections of Internet energy use.”